Electropaedia Battery Technology Glossary. Electropaedia Battery Technology Glossary.

Electropaedia Battery Technology Glossary. Note - You can also use the Search Engine to quickly find what you are looking for. NEWS / INFORMATION PAGE 07 March 2017: Completed Chrome OS installation page. 19 October 2016: ActivID 7.1.0.153 finally released for Windows 10 computers. The DAU provides mandatory, assignment specific, and continuing education courses for military and civilian personnel. Home to 366th Fighter Wing. Includes general base information and activities.

Note - You can also use the Search Engine to quickly find what you are looking for. The primary elements of the inverter are the DC/AC converter, a regulation system and an output filter. A/D Converter (ADC) Analogue/Digital Converter. A device which converts continuously varying analogue signals into a binary coded digital form. Acid - A proton donor. A compound containing hydrogen which dissociates in aqueous solution producing positively charged hydrogen ions (H+). An acidic solution has a p.

H less than 7. 0 Active material - The chemically reactive materials in an energy cell which react with each other converting from one chemical composition to another while generating electrical energy or accepting electric current from an external circuit. Ageing - Permanent loss of capacity with frequent use or the passage of time due to unwanted irreversible chemical reactions in the cell. AGM (Absorbtive Glass Mat) battery- A lead acid battery using a glass mat to promote recombination of the gases produced by the charging process.

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Alkali - A compound which dissolves in water producing negatively charged hydroxide ions. Alkaline solutions are strongly basic and neutralise acids forming a salt and water. Alkaline battery - A battery which uses an aqueous alkaline solution for its electrolyte. Allotrope - Two or more forms of the same element in the same physical state (solid, liquid, or gas) that differ from each other in their physical, and sometimes chemical properties. The term allotropy applies to elements only, not compounds. The more general term, used for any crystalline material, is polymorphism.

See also isotope. Ambient temperature - The average temperature surrounding the battery, typically air. Amorphous - Without definite shape or structure, without crystalline structure. Ampere (Amp) - The unit of current flow equal to one coulomb per second. Ampere hours (Ah) or Amphours - The unit of measure used for comparing the capacity or energy content of a batteries with the same output voltage. For most batteries it defines the battery's C rate. For automotive (Lead Acid) batteries the SAE defines the Amphour capacity as 2.

C rate until the cell voltage drops to 1. Volts. Strictly - One Ampere hour is the charge transferred by one amp flowing for one hour.

Ah = 3. 60. 0 Coulombs. The true capacity of any battery is its energy content and this is measured in Watt. Hours (Wh). It is the battery's Amphour capacity multiplied by the battery voltage. Ampoule battery - A battery in which the electrolyte is stored in a separate chamber from the cell electrodes until the battery is needed. Analogue (Analog) circuit - An electronic circuit in which an electrical value (usually voltage or current, but sometimes frequency, phase) represents something in the physical world.

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The magnitude of the electrical value varies with with the intensity of an external physical quantity. Also - An electrical circuit which provides a continuous quantitative output ( as opposed to a digital output which may be a series of pulses or numbers) in response to its input. Anechoic chamber - A room whose walls do not reflect either electromagnetic or acoustic waves. Anion - Particles in the electrolyte of a galvanic cell carrying a negative charge and moving toward the anode during operation of the cell. See also cation. Anisotropic - Showing differences of property or of effect in different directions. Anode - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where oxidation takes place, releasing electrons. During discharge the negative electrode of the cell is the anode.

During charge the situation reverses and the positive electrode of the cell is the anode. ANSI - The American National Standards Institute publish standards for batteries jointly with NEMA. Garmin North America Map Download on this page.

In general terms, heat speeds up the chemical action. Assembled battery - A battery composed of two or more cells. Atomic Number - Specific to individual elements - represents the number of protons in the atomic nucleus. The same as the number of electrons. Atomic Mass - The number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) in the atomic nucleus. Auger analysis - Similar to ESCA but does not provide information on the chemical state (oxidation etc.) of the elements. Authentication - Verification that an item is from an approved source and/or that it is able to meet its declared specification.

Avogadro's Number (NA) - The number of atoms in 1. Carbon- 1. 2 (definition) = 6. By extension, the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance. Base - A proton acceptor.

A compound containing hydrogen which dissociates in aqueous solution producing negatively charged hydroxide (OH- ) or other ions. Alkalis are bases and a basic solution has a p. H greater than 7.

Battery - Two or more electrochemical energy cells connected together to provide electrical energy. Battery Management System (BMS) - Electronic circuits designed to monitor the battery and keep it within its specified operating conditions and to protect it from abuse during both charging and discharging. Battery Monitoring - Sometimes confused with BMS (above) of which it is an essential part, these circuits monitor the key operating parameters (current, voltage, temperature, SOC, etc.) of the battery and provide information to the user. Bobbin- A cylindrical cell design utilizing an internal cylindrical electrode and an external electrode arranged as a sleeve inside the cell container. Bootstrap - To do something seemingly impossible using only the available resources.

In the context of DC battery power circuits it means generating a DC voltage higher than the battery voltage. British Thermal Units (BTU) - A unit of heat energy defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. A transformerless design in which the lower output voltage is achieved by chopping the input voltage with a series connected switch (transistor) which applies pulses to an averaging inductor and capacitor. Butler Volmer equation - Used by cell designers to predict the current which will flow in a battery. It is the sum of the anodic and cathodic contributions and is directly proportional to the surface area of the electrodes, increasing exponentially with temperature. Button cell - Miniature cylindrical cell with a characteristic disc shape. C Programming Language - The preferred programming language for embedded software used in many battery management applications.

Robust, fast and powerful, it allows low level access to information and commands while still retaining the portability and syntax of a high level language. C Rate - C is a value which expresses the rated current capacity of a cell or battery. Charging and discharging currents are generally expressed as multiples of C.

The time to discharge a battery is inversely proportional to the discharge rate. NC is a charge or discharge rate which is N times the rated current capacity of the battery where N is a number (fraction or multiple) CN is the battery capacity in Amp.

Hours which corresponds to complete discharge of the battery in N hours (N is usually a subscript). Also written as the N- Hour rate. Calendar life - The expected life time duration of a cell whether it is active use or in storage. CAN Bus - Controller Area Network The automotive industry standard for on- board vehicle communications. It is a two wire, serial communications bus which is used for networking intelligent sensors and actuators. Calorimeter - A device or chamber for measuring the heat generated by objects placed inside it. Capacitance (C) - A measure of the ability of a device to store charge per unit of voltage applied across the device.

C=Q/VFarads. Batteries with the same output voltage also use . Used in recombinant cells and fuel cells. Cathode - The electrode in an electrochemical cell where reduction takes place, gaining electrons. During discharge the positive electrode of the cell is the cathode.